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Symptoms of bad transmission filter9/11/2023 ![]() In children, Zinc supplementation has also been found to improve outcomes. The primary treatment for affected individuals is oral rehydration salts (ORS), the replacement of fluids and electrolytes by using slightly sweet and salty solutions. People who survive an episode of cholera have long-lasting immunity for at least 3 years (the period tested.) It offers limited protection to young children. In 2017 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had approved a single-dose, live, oral cholera vaccine called Vaxchora for adults aged 18–64 who are travelling to an area of active cholera transmission. Cholera vaccines that are given by mouth provide reasonable protection for about six months, and have the added benefit of protecting against another type of diarrhea caused by E. coli. Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to clean water. Cholera can be diagnosed by a stool test, or a rapid dipstick test, although the dipstick test is less accurate. Risk factors for the disease include poor sanitation, insufficient clean drinking water, and poverty. Humans are the only known host for the bacteria. Undercooked shellfish is a common source. It is spread mostly by unsafe water and unsafe food that has been contaminated with human feces containing the bacteria. Ĭholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. Symptoms start two hours to five days after exposure. Dehydration can cause the skin to turn bluish. This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin, decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet. Diarrhea can be so severe that it leads within hours to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. Less than 1% mortality rate with proper treatment, untreated mortality rate 50-60%Ĭholera ( / ˈ k ɒ l ər ə/) is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Oral rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, intravenous fluids, antibiotics Improved sanitation, clean water, hand washing, cholera vaccines Poor sanitation, not enough clean drinking water, poverty ![]() Vibrio cholerae spread by fecal-oral route Large amounts of watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps A person with severe dehydration due to cholera, causing sunken eyes and wrinkled hands and skin.
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